solidarity Archives - Défis Humanitaires

A Silent but Massive Dynamic

Ernest-Barthélémy Michel, Sketch for the Church of Saint-Nicolas-des-Champs: Saint Martin sharing his cloak

Saint Martin sharing his cloak: a symbol of generosity and solidarity. Today, this image invites us to reflect on how the transmission of heritage can serve the collective interest.

For the past twenty years, France has been undergoing a quiet yet significant transformation: that of wealth transmission. Between 2000 and 2020, it is estimated that between €2,600 billion and €3,000 billion have been transferred through inheritances and donations.

In 2022, according to data from France Générosités, charitable bequests and donations amounted to €1.271 billion, representing just under 0.7% of total transmissions for that year.

Hypothesis: If this 0.7% ratio remained relatively stable over the past two decades, then bequests and donations to associations, foundations, and churches would have represented approximately €20 billion over this period. While this is a substantial sum in absolute terms, it remains marginal when compared to the overall volume of wealth transmitted.

Recent work by Jérôme Fourquet and Marie Gariazzo Sylvain Manternach, published by the Jean-Jaurès Foundation, signals an unprecedented “great transmission” event: nearly €9,000 billion in wealth is expected to change hands by 2040, primarily from baby boomers to their heirs. This wealth pool has no equivalent in the contemporary history of our country.

If the 0.7% share remains unchanged, this would equate to approximately €63 billion for associations and foundations over the next twenty years. In other words, a tripling compared to the previous twenty years. This is significant, but still very modest relative to the total wealth being transmitted.

We attempted the projection exercise, undoubtedly a risky endeavor, but a necessary one to visualize the stakes. The chart below presents a plausible distribution of this transmission to organizations with a public interest, considering demographic dynamics: 30% of the wealth will be transmitted between 2022 and 2031, and 70% between 2032 and 2041. This non-linear assumption reflects the inevitable acceleration of deaths among the baby boom generation and the concentration of wealth over the next two decades.

This scenario leads to a gradual increase in flows, from €1.271 billion for organizations of general interest in 2022 to over €2 billion per year at the start of the 2030s, and then exceeding €4 billion by 2040.

Projected bequests and donations to non-profit organizations (2022–2041)

This projection paints a contrasted landscape. On one side, a predictable and rapidly growing resource. On the other, a relatively small share in relation to the total wealth transmitted. The challenge for public interest actors is therefore twofold: to capture their share of this transmission and, more importantly, to convince people that a bequest is not a secondary gesture, but a true societal choice.

Because beyond the numbers, the question is existential: how much of our collective wealth do we want to dedicate to the common future? Humanitarian, healthcare, social, and environmental challenges require greater funding. Bequests could become one of the major levers for this financing if an effort is made in education, trust, and recognition.

To achieve this, several conditions are necessary:

Value the social impact of bequests, showing that everyone, regardless of their wealth, can inscribe their name in a history greater than themselves.
Strengthen the culture of giving in France, still marked by family discretion and the low public valuation of testators.
Support baby boomers in their wealth reflection, through clear, respectful, and professional dialogue between associations, notaries, and families.
Ensure the transparency and effectiveness of beneficiary organizations, so that trust translates into tangible commitments.

The “great transmission” is not just a demographic phenomenon. It is a cultural and political event, in the noble sense of the word: the allocation of our collective wealth between private interests and the common good.

By 2040, it will be too late to realize that the opportunity was missed. Action must be taken today to ensure that the share of public interest in inheritances is not doomed to remain marginal. Making bequests a reflex is preparing a future where our solidarities will meet the scale of the challenges.

[1] https://www.francegenerosites.org/chiffres-cles/

[2] https://www.jean-jaures.org/publication/la-roue-de-la-fortune-constitution-et-transmission-des-patrimoines-dans-la-france-contemporaine/

Antoine Vaccaro :

He holds a PhD in Organizational Sciences – Management of Non-Market Economies from Paris-Dauphine University. After a career with major non-governmental organizations and communications groups, such as the Fondation de France, Médecins du Monde, and TBWA, he now chairs Force For Good and Cerphi (Center for Study and Research on Philanthropy).

He also holds various administrative positions within associations and has co-founded several professional organizations promoting private funding for causes of general interest, including the Association Française des Fundraisers, Euconsult, and the ESSEC Chair of Philanthropy. He has also contributed to the drafting of the code of ethics for organizations that appeal to public generosity.

Finally, he is the author of several books and articles on philanthropy and fundraising.

Cyprien Fabre, Head of the Peace and Stability Development Unit, OECD

“If reflection precedes action, there are few French-speaking spaces where humanitarian reflection can develop, diverse experiences can be shared, and perhaps controversies can emerge. Défis Humanitaires meets this need. These columns, open to those who, each with their own background, bring a unique perspective on human solidarity, its institutions, its funding, and ultimately its meaning, are truly necessary today. It has required passion, and still requires perseverance, to carry Défis Humanitaires to its cruising altitude. Over 100 issues already! Thanks to Alain and all those supporting this adventure for keeping this precious community alive.”

Alexia Tafanelli, Deputy Director General, Passerelles Numériques

“Défis Humanitaires is much more than a journal: it is a living space where the voices of field humanitarians, experts, and decision-makers intersect to inspire and guide action. The testimonies and analyses foster reflection grounded in reality, rich in meaning and forward-looking. Indeed, the journal has the rare ability to connect concrete experiences with innovations: new logistical approaches, unprecedented partnerships, digital tools serving impact. In a context of severe budgetary constraints, Défis Humanitaires remains a catalyst for ideas, an open space for sharing, and a driver of solidarity among those taking action, both here and in the most fragile contexts.”

Benoît Miribel, Sustainable Health for All Foundation – CESE Advisor – President of BIOPORT

“Humanitarian action remains a challenge! While we can understand the need to try to alleviate the plight of those in difficulty—whether out of compassion, solidarity, or any other reason—the question of ‘how to act well?’ remains ever relevant. From Ukraine to South Sudan, humanitarian action remains a challenge, with the inconceivable unfolding before our eyes in Gaza today!

We needed a platform like Défis Humanitaires to freely address our humanitarian issues, independently of the organizations themselves. At a time when anything can be said on social media, we need to know the objective realities of humanitarian contexts, to bear witness to the challenges facing affected populations, and to debate the best ways to act. Acting remains a challenge, and supporting Défis Humanitaires is about continuing to question ourselves alongside affected people, in the best ways to act together.”

Stanislas Bonnet, Director General, Triangle Génération Humanitaire

“In this chaotic context, taking the time for analysis and reflection is all the more important.
Thanks to Alain Boinet for his patient work of perspective, experience sharing, and analysis in these issues of Défis Humanitaires, which we at Triangle Génération Humanitaire (TGH) read with great interest.”

I invite you to read these interviews and articles published in the edition :